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Also known as: Passivated Emitter Rear Contact, PERC cell, mono PERC
Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell — a monocrystalline silicon solar cell technology with a dielectric passivation layer on the rear surface that reflects unabsorbed photons back into the cell, boosting efficiency 0.5–1% absolute over standard BSF cells.
PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell) is the dominant commercial solar cell architecture globally since 2018. It improves upon older BSF cells by adding a rear passivation layer that reduces recombination losses.
A thin aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) passivation layer on the rear: reflects unabsorbed light back into the cell for a second absorption chance, and reduces surface recombination — boosting efficiency 0.5–1% absolute.
PERC is being superseded by TOPCon and HJT in the premium segment, which achieve 23–25% cell efficiency. PERC remains the price-performance benchmark at ₹18–22/Wp (2025).